What are examples of horizontal anti-competitive actions?
Price-fixing, bid-rigging, and market allocation between competitors.
Are horizontal agreements illegal?
Yes, they violate antitrust laws in most countries as they distort fair competition.
How can companies avoid engaging in anti-competitive actions?
By ensuring compliance with competition laws and avoiding collusive agreements with competitors.
How can companies avoid engaging in horizontal anti-competitive actions?
Companies can avoid anti-competitive actions by refraining from price-fixing, market division, and collusion with competitors, and following antitrust laws.